Cupolas of Capitalism
State Capitol Building Histories

States from A to B
View States: A-BC-EF-ILIN-KL-MEMI-MON-NENO-OP-ST-VW-Z

Click on the image to visit the Cupolas of Capitalism picture gallery. Graphic is Howard Partridge's abstraction of the U.S. Capitol Building in Washington D.C., created from an aerial photo in the public domain from William J. Ball's Teaching Politics site.

This portion of Cupola site chronicles the rich and often colorful architectural history of the American State Capitol Buildings.  Perhaps no other secular building type is so closely affiliated with dome and cupola designs, or use them as effectively as symbols of unity and power.

States with Capitol Buildings featuring prominent exterior cupolas are highlighted in yellow.  These include former Statehouses still standing in the current capital city.  Former State Capitol Buildings existing elsewhere are not covered here.  States possessing Capitol Buildings with other cupola-like forms like domes, drums, and towers in their designs are so noted in their building descriptions.

Historical information presented in this section has been compiled from various State Government and Historical Society websites, with Eldon Hauck's comprehensive 1991 book, American Capitols, as a primary source.  Picture credits are included both on the pages of the accompanying Picture Gallery, and, more briefly, in the "mouse-over" descriptions associated with each image.  The Library of Congress, Chris Miller, Pat and Debbi Furrie, Robert Dolton, Les Center, and Bill Hazzard must be credited for the bulk of the contemporary and historic photos, postcards, and drawings that appear here.  Credit should also be given to the hard-working content providers whose sites enhance the building descriptions via offsite links.  Many offer greatly expanded coverage of individual capitol buildings and their grounds.

Please note that at any given moment, a few of the offsite links found here will be offline.  This is the nature of links, web servers, and the ever changing Internet.  Links to government sites are most prone to fail on weekends, or sometimes, after newly elected officials take power.  Most bounce back within a day or two, but not always.  Cupola regularly verifies and updates its collection of links, so any really dead or broken ones will not hang around for long.

Click on any picture to see an enlarged version, or to view the other historic images available in the Cupolas of Capitalism Picture Gallery.  For additional photographic coverage of the state capitol buildings, the CapitolShots Collection from capitol hobbyist Kevin McCrea, and the state capitols project from photographer Edward Crim, are both excellent resources.

 
STATE CITY STATE CAPITOL BUILDING DATE(s) / ARCHITECT(s) BLDG. DESCRIPTION(s), IMAGE(s) and SITE LINK(s)
Alabama Montgomery 1851, central portion of Capitol designed and built / George Nichols replacing 1847 Capitol that burned by Stephen D. Button.

Note: other sources credit different architects.  The state's own website credits the design to Barachais Holt, and claims it was built on the foundation of the burned Button capitol.  Another source at the Library of Congress says Nichols, not Button, designed the burned capitol.  That source credits Nimrod E. Benson and Justus Wyman as supervising the new capitol's construction.  It does not list the building's architect, but it states that Nichols strongly influenced the design.

1885, east wing / W. T. Walker.

1905-06, south wing / Frank Lockwood with Charles Follen McKim.

1911-12, north wing / Frank Lockwood.

1985, Alabama State Legislature relocates to the State House building, located behind the Capitol building and built decades earlier as the State Highway Department building.  Complete renovation and restoration of the Capitol building begins upon their departure.

1989-92, east portico / ? Architect.
Historic architectural drawing showing west front elevation of the Alabama State Capitol Building. Delineated by John R. Farris in 1934 for the Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress).
Original central core of capitol built in the Greek Revival style
.  Features a circular drum tower capped with a dome and cupola.  Later Neoclassical wings added at sides and back.  119 feet tall.  More info offsite with this photo essay from the state archive site.  The Alabama Historical Commission offers a virtual tour and a brief history of the state capitol building on their website.  A fine photo gallery is also available from Edward Crim.
Alaska Juneau 1923-31, Capitol designed and built / James A. Wetmore and U.S. Treasury Department Architects.

2004-present, plans for a new Capitol building underway / Thom Mayne of Morphosis (Santa Monica, CA) and Mike Mense of mmenseArchitects (Anchorage, AK).

Oblique view of the Alaska State Capitol Building. Used with permission from the Alaska Department of Community and Economic Development. Mark Wayne was the photographer.
An Art Deco block with classical elements
.  Flat topped and approx. 118 feet tall.  Picture and more info offsite, in this official Alaska State Capitol Building description, and this illustrated history, complete with a visitor brochure and video tours.  Also available is this QuickTime panorama, from Virtual Guidebooks, and this photograph from the Juneau, Alaska, Capital City Homepage.

Conceptual plans for the new Alaska State Capitol Building may be found on the Alaska Capitol Design Competition website.  Morphosis had been the only competition finalist to submit a design that incorporated a large dome, although the proposal from Moshe Safdie had at least featured a clever abstraction of the form.  For an architectural perspective on the project, see Marianne Cusato's critique in the Town Paper, an urban design publication.

Arizona Phoenix 1899-1900, Capitol designed and built / James Riley Gordon.

1919 and 1938 additions / ? Architect.

1956-57, lawmakers were considering constructing a new capitol.  At the request of a reporter, the famous architect, Frank Lloyd Wright, sketched out and presented his visionof the ideal capitol, which he called the "Pro Bono Publico" (a.k.a. "The Oasis").  Neither Wright's new capitol project nor anyone else's were built.  A poster showing Wright's unrealized design is available from the publishing house, Pomegranate.  Wright's own book, A Testament includes other views of the project.

1960, House and Senate moved to newer buildings east of the original building.

1974, left empty when remaining state offices moved to larger, adjacent buildings.

1981, restored and given museum status.
East (front) elevation of the Arizona State Capitol Building. Photo courtesy of Pat & Debbi Furrie, taken in June of 2003.
Neoclassical state capitol building with Spanish influences
.  Copper covered dome but no cupola.  92 feet tall.  The dome is capped with a statue called Winged Victory.  Official info is available offsite with a virtual tour of the capitol complex from the Arizona State Legislature and historical exhibits from the Arizona State Capitol Museum website.
Arkansas Little Rock
(Old and New State Houses)
1833-1845, Old State House designed and built (now Museum of Arkansas) / Gideon Shyrock.

1885, Old State House remodeled / ? Architect.

1899-1915, New State House designed and built / begun by George R. Mann, finished by Cass Gilbert, including dome.
Historic architectural drawing showing a partial south (front) elevation of the Old Arkansas State Capitol Building. Delineated by Clyde A. Ferrell in 1934 for the Historic American Buildings Survey (Library of Congress).
Greek Revival Old State House
.  Low pitched roof.  Pictures and more info offsite at the Old State House Museum website.

Late 20th century view of the Arkansas State Capitol Building, courtesy of Les R. Center.
The Neoclassical New State House
is 230 feet tall, featuring a circular central drum tower that is capped with a dome and cupola.  More info offsite with a choice of official virtual tours from the website of the Arkansas Secretary of State; an unofficial photo essay about the building's skewed site placement; and an unofficial photo album from Edward Crim.

View States: A-BC-EF-ILIN-KL-MEMI-MO,
N-NENO-OP-ST-VW-Z,  or Back to Building Galleries

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